Interference and Shadow Effects in the Production of Light by Charged Particles in Optical Fibers

A charged particle passing through or near a narrow optical fiber induces, by polarisation, coherent light guided by the fiber. In the limit of zero crossing angle, the radiation tends towards a Cherenkov radiation with a discrete spectrum, studied by different authors. If the particle crosses a bent fiber at regularly spaced points, interference gives quasi-monochromatic lines. If the particle passes near an end of the fiber, light is produced by the capture of virtual photons through the end face. An alternative way consists in sticking a metallic ball to the fiber: the passing particle induces plasmons which are then evacuated as light in the fiber. Interferences can occur between lights from several ends or balls. Applications of these various light signals to beam diagnostics are discussed. The shadow effect, which reduces the photon yield when the particle runs parallel to a row of balls, is pointed out and an upper bound −dE/dz ≤ C(Ze/b) for the particle energy loss is conjectured (Ze is the particle charge, b the impact parameter and C a numerical constant). This bound should also apply to other kinds of light sources, in particular to Smith-Purcell radiation. keywords: particle detector, beam diagnostics, optical fibers, Cherenkov radiation, Smith-Purcell, plasmon PACS numbers: 41.85.Qg, 29.40.-n, 41.60.Bq, 42.55.Wd